| A |
| |
| Absorbent Packing | | The inclusion of absorbent material within a package to take up liquids resulting from leakage or condensation of the contents. |
| |
| Accuracy | | The determination of whether any bar code element width or intercharacter gap width (if applicable) differs from its nominal width by more than the printing tolerance. |
| |
| Acid Resistant | | A substance which is resistant to the action of most acids under certain conditions. |
| |
| Adhesive | | Material capable of adhering one surface to another. The component used to join portions of a carton, unitize loads and secure labels to items being bar coded. |
| |
| AIAG | | Automotive Industry Action Group, a standards group targeted for the automotive industry. |
| |
| AIM | | Automatic Identification Manufacturers Association |
| |
| Alphanumeric | | Character set that contains alphanumeric characters (letters), numeric digits (numbers) and usually other characters such as punctuation marks. |
| |
| ANSI | | American National Standards Institute, a U.S. Government organization with responsibility for the approval and promulgation of various standards. |
| |
| Anti-penetrant | | Chemical agent added to an adhesive to decrease penetration into the stock. |
| |
| ASCII | | American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The character set and code described in American National Standard Code for Information Interchange, ANSI X3.4-1983. Each ASCII character is encoded with 7 bits (8 bits including parity check). The ASCII character set is used for information interchange between data processing systems, communication systems and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of 128 characters. |
| |
| Aspect Ratio | | The ratio of bar height to symbol length in a bar code. |
| |
| Autodiscrimination | | The capability of an electronic reader to automatically recognize and decode multiple bar code symbologies. |
| |
| B |
| |
| Background | | The spaces, quiet zones and area surrounding a printed symbol. |
| |
| Bag | | A preformed container of tubular construction made of flexible material, generally enclosed on all sides, except one which forms an opening that may or may not be sealed after filling. It may be made of any flexible material or multiple plies of the same, or combination of various flexible materials. |
| |
| Baler | | A machine used to compress recyclables into bundles to reduce volume. Balers are often used for newspaper, plastics and corrugated board. |
| |
| Banding | | Something that binds, ties or encircles the package or pallet load. |
| |
| Bar | | The darker elements of a bar code symbol, either narrow or wide in dimension. |
| |
| Bar Code | | An automatic identification technology which encodes information into an array of parallel rectangular bars and spaces of prescribed widths. |
| |
| Character | | A single group of bars and spaces which represent an individual letter, number, or function (e.g. start/stop). |
| |
| Density | | The number of characters which can be represented in a linear unit of measure. Bar code density is often expressed in characters per inch (CPI). CPI is a function of the "X" dimension, element width ratio, and intercharacter gap. These three parameters must be defined when describing density as CPI. |
| |
| Horizontal | | A symbol presented in an array which looks like a ladder. |
| |
| Reader | | A device used to decode a bar code symbol. |
| |
| Symbol | | An array of rectangular bars and spaces which are arranged in a predetermined pattern following specific rules to represent elements of data that are referred to as characters. A linear bar code symbol typically contains a leading quiet zone, start character, data character(s), stop character, and a trailing quiet zone. |
| |
| Symbol Width | | The distance between the outside edges of the minimum quiet zones. Sometimes called "symbol length". |
| |
| Vertical | | A symbol presented in an array which looks like a picket fence. |
| |
| Bar Height | | The bar dimension perpendicular to the bar width, also called length. |
| |
| Barrel | | A uniformly bulged cylindrical container of greater length than breadth made of wooden staves bound together with hoops and having two flat ends of equal diameter.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Bar Width | | The thickness of a bar measured from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the same bar. |
| |
| BBC | | Bumpy Bar Codes which unlike standard bar code labels printed on paper, BBCs are printed on metal and consist of a series of bumps of varied depth and spacing. |
| |
| Bi-directional | | A bar code symbol capable of being read correctly in opposite scanning directions, e.g. from start character to stop character or from stop character to start character. |
| |
| Blocks | | Vertical members used as spacers between the top and bottom decks of full four-way entry pallets. |
| |
| Bond Strength | | A measure of the strength of a bond between two adherents. |
| |
| Bottle | | A container having a round neck of relatively smaller diameter than the body and an opening capable of holding a closure for retention of the contents. The cross section of the bottle may be round, oval, square, oblong, or a combination of these. Generally made of glass, but also of polyethylene or other plastics, earthenware, metal, etc. |
| |
| Bottom Deck | | The bottom boards that tie into the stringer or the blocks of a pallet. |
| |
| Box | | A rigid container having closed faces and completely enclosing the contents. Fibreboxes must comply with all the requirements of the carrier rules. |
| |
| Box Maker | | A corrugated or solid fibre box manufacturing establishment which has equipment to score, slot, print and joint corrugated and solid fibre sheets into boxes, which equipment is regularly utilized in production of fibre boxes in commercial quantities. |
| |
| Box, Wirebound | | A rigid container whose sides, top and bottom are of rotary cut lumber, sliced lumber, resawn lumber, fibreboard or combinations of these, usually 3/8" or less in thickness, fastened to cleats and to each other by means of binding wires and staples. The ends are of similar material, plain or stapled to bottoms or liners fastened in place by means of nails or staples or wire attached to sides, tops and bottoms. The closure is made by twisting or looping together the ends of the binding wires. |
| |
| Bulkheading | | A shipping technique that combines both unitization and stabilization. |
| |
| Bundle | | A package which is formed by utilizing the contents as a mandrel around which flexible packaging material is wrapped and sealed. Contents are thus unitized for handling and shipping. |
| |
| Bundling | | Banding articles together into distinct and separate units with plastic stretch film. |
| |
| Burlap | | The American name for cloth woven from jute fibres. |
| |
| C |
| |
| Cable | | Woven steel wire 1/4" or more in diameter. |
| |
| Cage | | Container, usually made of welded wire, for consolidating shipments of packages. |
| |
| Can | | A receptacle, generally of 10-gallon capacity or less, usually capable of being hermetically sealed. May be made of light-weight sheet metal, plastic, glass or fibreboard with metal ends. |
| |
| Canister | | A rigid container, generally round or rectangular, made of fibre, metal or combinations thereof, designed to pack or store dry products of not more than 5 pound weight and having a replaceable top or cover. |
| |
| Carton | | Commonly used to refer to a fibreboard shipping container. |
| |
| Case | | Commonly used to refer to a fibreboard shipping container. |
| |
| Cask | | A term used synonymously with barrel, but usually of large size or capacity. |
| |
| Cell | | A small compartment, usually closed on four sides with open ends, and serving to block, brace or cushion an item or to separate items within a container such as a cell formed by a set of paperboard partitions. May be formed by paperboard, solid or corrugated fibreboard, plastic or wood. |
| |
| Certificate, Box Maker's | | A statement printed on a corrugated Box Maker's fibreboard box guaranteeing that all construction requirements of the carriers have been observed and identifying and locating the box maker.
Source: Fibre Box Handbook, Fibre Box Association, 1992 |
| |
| Character | | The smallest group of elements which represents one or more numbers, letters, punctuation marks, or other information. |
| |
| Check | | A character incorporated within a symbol to ensure the accuracy of the read. Also called self-checking character. When numeric values only are used called a check digit. |
| |
| Set | | The characters that can be encoded in a particular bar code symbology. The set may include numbers, alphabet characters and any special symbols such as punctuation marks. |
| |
| Chime | | In general, the rim that projects above the cover of a cylindrical container such as a metal or fibre can, a metal, fibre or wooden drum.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Chimney | | Also called pinwheel. Four rectangular containers placed as a component in a bonded block. Each layer of the chimney will have two containers lengthwise of the transportation vehicle, two containers crosswise of the vehicle, and a vacant space between the four containers.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Chipboard | | A paperboard generally made from recycled paper stock. Uses include partitions within boxes and the center ply or plies of solid fiberboard. |
| |
| Chock Blocks | | Concave or mitered blocking pieces used to secure objects in position.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Cleats | | Pieces of material such as wood or metal, attached to a structural body to secure, strengthen or furnish a grip. |
| |
| Clinch | | Bend or hammer over the protruding points of nails so they will hold fast. |
| |
| Closure | | A sealing or covering device affixed to or on a shipping container for the purpose of retaining the contents and preventing contamination thereof. |
| |
| Code 39 | | For purposes of this manual, Code 39 (also known as Code 3 of 9) shall mean the symbology as specified by AIM Uniform Symbology Specification Code 39. |
| |
| Collapse | | The deformation of a shipping container caused by excessive external pressure, environmental fatigue or internal vacuum problems.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Compliance, Label | | A term that describes a mandate requiring trading partners to utilize a common label format so communications throughout a supply chain can be very efficient. |
| |
| Compression Bulge | | Expansion of the outside dimensions of a filled transport-package as a result of external downward pressure caused by strapping of the unit-load or by the weight of other superimposed packages or both.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Concatenation | | The ability of a reading system to join together the data from multiple symbols and interpret it as a single message. |
| |
| Concealed Damage | | Damage, which is discovered after delivery to the ultimate consignee, to freight transported to destination point without valid exception. |
| |
| Concealed Loss | | Loss from a package transported and delivered under a clear record which loss is discovered after delivery to the consignee. |
| |
| Condensation | | Moisture or liquid formed on surfaces due to difference in temperature in surface to outside air. |
| |
| Consignee | | The company or person to whom articles are shipped (Receiver). |
| |
| Consignor | | The company or person by whom articles are shipped (Shipper). |
| |
| Container | | A box or receptacle which is usually the outer protection used in packing goods for shipment. May be of several types such as demountable cargo, flexible, master, and returnable shipping. |
| |
| Container ID | | Alphanumeric field used by the shipping company to identify the shipment. |
| |
| Contaminant | | That which contaminates or makes impure by contact or mixture and affects a material's properties. Non-homogeneous materials which corrupt the recycling or reprocessing of another material. |
| |
| Continuous Code | | A bar code in which the space between two characters is part of the code and the spaces represent information. |
| |
| Convex | | Head Container top and/or bottom head, dished outwardly to give increased strength, rigidity and capacity. |
| |
| Core | | May be square, oval as well as cylindrical. It may be the body part of a reel or it can be just a tube without heads, used in a variety of lengths and diameters for winding many different materials. |
| |
| Corner | | Posts A square, round or triangular member placed inside or outside of the corners of a pallet container. Made from wood or fiber-based construction. |
| |
| Corner Protection | | Material assembled to form an "L" and placed against the edge of the face of a load to distribute the pressure of steel or plastic straps and prevent them from cutting the lading or packaging. |
| |
| Corrosion | | Deterioration of a material by chemical action. |
| |
Corrugated
Fiberboard | | The structure formed by gluing one or more sheets of fluted Fibreboard: corrugating medium to one or more flat facings of liner board. There are four common types: |
| |
| Single Faced | | The structure formed by one corrugated member glued to one flat facing.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Double Faced | | The structure formed by one corrugated inner member glued between two flat facings.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Single Wall | | The structure formed by one corrugated inner member glued between two flat facings. Also known as double face.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Double Wall | | The structure formed by three flat facings and two intermediate corrugated members.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Triple Wall | | The structure formed by four flat facings and three intermediate corrugated members.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Countersink | | Over-driven fasteners below the surface of deckboards. |
| |
| Cover | | The top, end or lid of a container, usually the part which closed the filling or dispensing opening. |
| |
| CPI | | Characters Per Inch, a measure of bar code density. |
| |
| Crate, Wood | | A rigid or collapsible shipping container of framed construction joined together with straps, nails, bolts or any equivalent method of fastening. The framework may be enclosed with sheathing. It may be demountable (reusable) or non-demountable. |
| |
| Crimp | | To fold in, squeeze or tighten by a series of corrugations so as to hold one part against another. |
| |
| Crimp-Type Joint | | A method of joining two ends of steel strapping by applying pressure resulting in indentures in the strapping itself.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
Crimp-Type
Seal Joint | | A method of joining two ends of steel strapping by applying Joint pressure to a seal resulting in indentation in both the seal and the strapping.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Cross Top Wrapping | | A unitization technique which covers the top of a load. |
| |
| Customer | | In a transaction, the party that receives, buys, or consumes an item or service. |
| |
| Customer Part Number | | The part number as defined by the customer. |
| |
| Cut Seal | | A seal used to join the two ends of steel strapping by applying pressure resulting in indentations which actually cut both the seal and the strapping. The completed joint is known as a notch-type joint. |
| |
| D |
| |
| Data Identifiers | | An assigned character (or set of characters) within a bar code symbol which defines the general category or specific use of the data that is encoded in the same bar code symbol. The data that follows the data identifier (DI) is a single piece of information, or in the case of concatenated data, multiple pieces of information that may be separated by a predefined character (s). |
| |
| Deckboards | | The horizontal members on the top and bottom faces of a pallet. |
| |
| Depth | | The distance between the innermost surface of the box measured perpendicular to the length and width. |
| |
| Depth of Field | | The distance between the maximum and minimum plane in which a scanner is capable of resolving a bar code symbol. |
| |
| Deterioration | | The impairment of quality, or usefulness of an item: degradation. |
| |
| Die-Cut | | (A) A method of preparation in which a part or container has been cut, slotted and scored or any combination of these by custom made dies;
(B) a part so made. |
| |
| Diffusion Reflection | | The sum of the components of the reflected light which emanates in all directions from the reflecting surface. |
| |
| Discrete Code | | A bar code symbology where characters are independent and the spaces between characters (intercharacter gaps) do not encode information. |
| |
Disposable Inflatable
Dunnage (D.I.D.) | | A polyethylene bladder enclosed in and supported by plies of heavy Dunnage (D.I.D.) Kraft paper capable of maintaining designated air pressure. Used in transportation vehicles, per AAR commodity and loading publications, to fill lengthwise and/or crosswise loading voids. |
| |
Distribution
Packaging | | Refers to integrated package and product handling from factory to Packaging point of sale. |
| |
| Dividers | | A device, made of various materials which separates the space within a container into two or more spaces, cells, compartments, or layers. Dividers may be plain, interlocking, scored, horizontal, vertical or diagonal. The primary purpose of dividers is to separate the articles and/or to furnish cushioning. |
| |
| Double Stacking | | One pallet piled on top of another during shipping. |
| |
| Drum | | (A) Fibre: A cylindrical shipping container with straight sides, made of paperboard, used as shipping container for domestic and export shipping of dry powders, dry solids, semi-liquids, liquids and any number of other items. Top and bottom may be made of paperboard, steel, plywood, solid wood, Kraft-covered wood, Kraft-covered steel, or other materials. Capacities range from 3/4 gallon to 75 gallons. Diameters range from about 8" to about 23". Depths range from about 3" to 42".
(B) Metal: A cylindrical shipping container, made of metal, single wall, with either double-head (top and bottom), partial opening (for closure by plug and flange), with convex or flat head or flat full removable-head construction. Usually ranging from 12 gallon to 110-gallon capacity.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms
(C) Polyethylene: Used in handling of corrosive chemicals. Made in rectangular or cylindrical shapes. May be used as an inner liner of a steel drum. Also is used inside a wood or fibre box as a substitute for a carboy (a large glass bottle). |
| |
| Drum, Reconditioned | | A raw steel drum which has been subjected to various processes such as cleaning, repairing, relining, repainting, testing, etc., in order to make it suitable for reuse as a shipping container. |
| |
| Drum, Recovery | | An oversized drum used to receive the contents of a damaged drum. |
| |
| Dunnage | | Support or protection for the commodity packaged. |
| |
| E |
| |
| Edge Protection | | A right-angle piece placed over the edge of boxes, crates, bundles and gates or bracing to distribute the pressure from steel straps in order to prevent cutting. |
| |
| EDI | | Electronic Data Interchange, exchange of business transactions electronically. |
| |
| Element | | In a bar code symbol, a single bar or space. |
| |
| Element Width Ratio | | The ratio of average wide element widths to average narrow element widths within a bar code symbol. |
| |
| Ergonomics | | The study of work. |
| |
| EVA | | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, a copolymer put in stretch film adding strength to ordinary polyethylene film. |
| |
| Expendable | | Those shipping, storing, handling systems or components which can be programmed for a predetermined number of life cycles. |
| |
| F |
| |
| Face Stock | | The component of a bar code label on which the bar code is printed. |
| |
| Fasteners | | Used to make something stay firmly in place. To fasten implies an action such as nailing or stapling when referring to pallets, and stitching or gluing when related to corrugated. |
| |
Fatigued Shipping
Container | | A shipping container which no longer retains its original strength. |
| |
| Fibreboard | | Fibre sheets which have been produced or laminated to a thickness which provides a degree of stiffness. Fibreboard used for container production may be corrugated or solid of various thicknesses. |
| |
| Filler | | Loose strips of paperboard, plain or scored, used in a package to fill spaces not occupied by commodities. |
| |
| Filler Boards | | Material, usually boards, placed between layers of commodities in drums or in other containers. |
| |
| Fillers, Corrugated | | Scored and folded corrugated fibreboard shapes used to fill voids in a container or transportation vehicle.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Filling Bulge | | Expansion of the original outside dimensions of an individual transport-package during the filling process.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Fire Resistant | | Material that has been treated to make it resistant to burning. |
| |
| Flame Resistant | | Being capable of burning when in contact with flame, but not continuing to burn when the flame is removed. |
| |
| Flame Retardant | | A chemical used in treating a material so that it will not support combustion. |
| |
| First Read Rate | | The percentage of correct readings that are obtained in one pass of the scanner over the symbol versus the number of attempted reads. |
| |
| Five Sided Wrapping | | Wrapping a pallet load's four sides plus the top. The top of a pallet can be wrapped by using the cross top wrapping technique. |
| |
| Flanged Tube | | A container constructed of four sides with a bottom and top (optional) flange. The flange may vary in length, but in all cases results in an open top and bottom. Covers are optional depending on the material being shipped. |
| |
| Flaps | | The closing members of a corrugated fibreboard box. |
| |
| Floating Bag | | A method of protective packaging in which the packaged item is secured to a wooden base and then fully enveloped in a dust-proof or water vapor barrier bag. |
| |
| Flute | | One of the wave shapes pressed into corrugated medium.
Source: Fibre Box Handbook, Fibre Box Association, 1992 |
| |
| Foamed in Place | | A chemical process which produces foamed cushioning conforming to the shape of the item. |
| |
| Font | | A specified size and style of printing type. |
| |
| Friction Seal | | A type of seal for joining two ends of steel or plastic strapping that has a substance on the inside face, such as grit, to improve the holding strength of this seal. Used with crimp-type joints. |
| |
| G |
| |
| Gauge Numbers | | Numbers that indicate the thickness of stretch film. Stretch film is manufactured in a variety of gauges. One thousandth of an inch (0.001"), which is referred to as 1 mil in shrink wrap, is equal to 100 gauge in stretch wrap. Below is a listing of common gauges:
| .0005" | | = | | 50 gauge | | = | .5 mil |
| .0006" | | = | | 60 gauge | | = | .6 mil |
| .0007" | | = | | 70 gauge | | = | .7 mil |
| .0008" | | = | | 80 gauge | | = | .8 mil |
| .0009" | | = | | 90 gauge | | = | .9 mil |
| .0010" | | = | | 100 gauge | | = | 1.00 mil |
| .00115" | | = | | 115 gauge | | = | 1.15 mil |
| .00120" | | = | | 120 gauge | | = | 1.20 mil |
| .00125" | | = | | 125 gauge | | = | 1.25 mil |
|
| |
| Gauge, Wire | | A method for indicating the thickness of a wire based on Washburn & Moen, abbreviated W&M. |
| |
| Glue | | The synonym for adhesive. The act of adhering one surface to another with an adhesive. |
| |
| Glued (Firmly) | | Adherence of one surface to another with sufficient bonding that an attempt to separate the joined areas will result in mutilation of surface fibers. |
| |
| Glue Line | | The line of adhesive between the two surfaces to be adhered. |
| |
| Glued Load | | A load in which the units are held in position within the load by means of a special adhesive that has high shear resistance and low tensile strength.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Gusset | | The bellows, fold or tuck on the side of a bag. The capacity of the bag is measured with the gusset unfolded. |
| |
| H |
| |
| Hand Holes | | Die-cut holes in shipping containers to facilitate manual handling. |
| |
| Hazardous Materials | | Materials that have been determined by the Department of Transportation (DOT) to be a risk to health, safety, and property; including such items as explosives, flammables, poisons, corrosives, and radioactive materials. These materials must be packaged, labeled, handled and transported according to stringent regulation from several agencies (current U.S. regulations appear in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Parts 171-178). International shipments must comply with docket HM-181, where the term "dangerous goods" is often used interchangeably with hazardous materials. |
| |
| Headspace | | Volume in the upper portion of a shipping container not filled with contents. Usually expressed as percent of total volume of shipping container at a specified temperature. |
| |
| Height | | The dimension of the container in the vertical direction. When related to unit loads, refers to the height of both the container and the pallet. |
| |
| High Density Load | | A load or product that is relatively heavy. |
| |
| High Grade | | Relatively valuable types of paper such as computer printout, white ledger and tab cards. Also used to refer to industrial trimmings at paper mills that are recycled. |
| |
| Human Readable | | Data which is not encoded for ready electronic identification. |
| |
| Hygroscopic | | Cushioning material having a tendency to absorb water vapor from Dunnage the atmosphere. |
| |
| I |
| |
| ID | | Abbreviation for identification. |
| |
| I.D. | | Abbreviation for inside dimensions. |
| |
| Inner Packing | | Materials or parts used to support, position or cushion an item within a shipping container, to support the corners or top of the container, or to fill voids. See Appendix A for examples. |
| |
| Insert, Packaging | | A flat sheet of corrugated paper, corrugated board, cardboard, fibreboard, or the like cut to predetermined dimensions and intended for placing alongside or folding over another article to afford protection and to insure a snug fit within an envelope, package or other container. |
| |
| Intercharacter Gap | | The space between two adjacent bar code characters. |
| |
| Interior Separators | | In a shipping container those devices which prevent intermingling of the products. |
| |
| Interlock | | A unit-load arrangement in which there are no vertical seams on the outside of the unit-load, extending through two or more layers. The third layer is like the first, the fourth is like the second, etc.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Inverted Tray | | Tray, either stayed or unstayed, which is inverted inside the base of a set-up paper shipping container to hold articles or to act as a false bottom. |
| |
| Irregular Lading | | A product which by its shape or construction may cause damage or be damaged by contacting other freight. |
| |
| ISTA | | International Safe Transit Association standardized testing procedures. The ISTA pre-shipment test procedures provide a means to determine the probability of the safe arrival of a packaged product at destination. This is accomplished through the utilization of laboratory tests developed to simulate the shocks and stresses normally encountered during handling and transportation. |
| |
| Item | | A single part or material purchased, manufactured, and/or distributed. |
| |
| Item 222 | | A rule in the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) of motor common carriers containing requirements for corrugated and solid fibreboard boxes. |
| |
| Item 265 | | A NMFC truck regulation for pallets and platforms. |
| |
| J |
| |
| Jacket | | A wood, plastic or fibre cover placed around such containers as cans and bottles. |
| |
| Jar | | A rigid, flat bottomed vessel with wide mouth opening normally made of glass. |
| |
| Joint, Manufacturer's | | The seam of a corrugated or fibre box where the two edges of the box are joined by stitching, taping or gluing by the box manufacturer. That part of the box where the ends of the scored and slotted blank are joined together by taping, stitching or gluing. |
| |
| Joint Strength | | The force required to break a steel strap at the joint, in pounds. This is usually the weakest part of a sealed strap. |
| |
| K |
| |
| KD | | Knocked Down, disassembled goods for the purpose of reducing the cube space of the shipment for transportation and storage. |
| |
| Keg | | A small cask usually of 10 gallons or less. |
| |
| Known Damage | | Damage discovered before or at the time of delivery of a shipment. |
| |
| Known Loss | | Loss discovered before or at the time of delivery of a shipment. |
| |
| Kraft | | Paper A paper made predominantly from wood pulp produced by a modified sulfate pulping process. It is a comparatively coarse paper particularly noted for its strength and in unbleached grades is used primarily as a wrapper or packaging material. |
| |
| L |
| |
| Label: | | A card (tag), strip of paper (with or without adhesive backing), etc. marked and attached to an object to convey information. |
| |
| Bar Code | | A label created by applying a pattern of alternating parallel bars and spaces, representing numbers and other characters that are machine readable. |
| |
| Master | | A label used to identify and summarize the contents of a multiple pack (master pack) of common items. |
| |
| Mixed Load | | A label used to identify and summarize the contents of a mixed item pack. |
| |
| Placards | | Visually communicates the hazard class or classes of the materials being transported per Department of Transportation regulations. |
| |
| Shipping/Parts ID | | The label used to identify the contents of a shipping pack or the item itself. |
| |
| Tag | | A label that is hung from an object. |
| |
| Warranty | | A label which conveys pertinent information relative to an item such as manufacturer, date manufactured, part and serial numbers as well as the warranty expiration date. |
| |
| Lading | | Freight which constitutes a load. |
| |
| Lag Screw | | Screw securement for blocking. |
| |
| Laminate | | A product made by bonding together two or more layers of one or more materials. |
| |
| Layer Numbering | | Layers numbered consecutively from the floor upward.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
| |
| Length, Container | | The largest of the two dimensions of the container opening. |
| |
| Length, Pallet | | The dimension parallel to the stringers or stringer boards; the first dimension stated in designating a pallet size. |
| |
| Levels of Protection | | The degree of preservation and packaging and packing required by the Federal Government to prevent deterioration or damage to supplies and equipment due to the hazards to which they may be subjected during shipment and storage. |
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| Lid | | A separate top or cover or a box or other shipping container. May be hinged or otherwise attached. |
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| Linerboard | | Paperboard used for the flat outer facings of combined corrugated fibreboard, and the outer plies of solid fibreboard. |
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| Lines Per Block | | A unit of measure defining the height of text characters abbreviated (LPB). |
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| LDPE or PE | | Low Density Polyethylene, a resin base for making stretch film. Even though LDPE is a relatively strong transparent film with good tensile strength, impact resistance and tear strength, it does not match the performance of the newer LLDPE. |
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| LLDPE | | Linear Low Density Polyethylene, a resin base for making stretch film which allows it to stretch into a "string like" ribbon without breaking. |
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| Logistics | | The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. |
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| Loop Ties | | Wire loops used to secure a lid to a wirebound container. |
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| Loose | | Articles not in a box, bag, package or other container. |
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| Low Density Load | | A load or product that is relatively light. |
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| Lumber | | The wood product of the saw and planing mill not further manufactured other than by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, cross-cutting to length, and matching. |
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| Lumber, Green | | Lumber which has not been seasoned. The normal moisture content of green lumber is from 30% to 200% of dried weight. |
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| Lumber, Kiln Dried | | Lumber from which the excess moisture has been removed in a drying kiln. For use In boxes and crates, such lumber must be dried to from 12% to 18% moisture content, although some lumber is dried to a lower moisture content. |
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| M |
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| Mar Free/ No Mar | | The ability to secure loads and objects without damaging the boxes with adhesives or cutting strings and straps. |
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| Marks | | Information placed on outer surface of a shipping container or package such as address labels, box specifications, caution or directional warnings. |
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| Master Pack | | A large fibreboard box used to over pack a multiple of individual boxes or containers to protect packages or to facilitate handling. |
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| Media | | The surface on which a bar code symbol is printed, including labels, cartons or products. Also called substrate. |
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| Memory | | After the stretch film is stretched to its maximum it will recover and form fit the load which has been wrapped. |
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| Mil | | A unit of measure equal to 0.001 inch, commonly used to refer to the width of bar code elements, e.g., 0.0075 inch would be expressed as 7.5 mils. |
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Minimum Joint
Strength | | The minimum tensile strength requirement of a joint of a sealed steel Strength strap. |
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| Misread | | A situation in which the data generated from scanning a bar code does not agree with the data contained in the symbol. |
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| Mixed Load | | A load consisting of two or more sizes or types of shipping containers or commodities. |
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| Module | | The narrowest nominal width unit of measure in a bar code. |
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| Moisture Content | | The percentage of water in a finished material such as film, paper, wood, etc., expressed as a percent of the original weight of the test sample. |
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| Moisture Resistance | | Resistant to passage of water vapor, though not necessarily a complete barrier. |
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| MRD | | Minimum Reflectance Difference, is the difference between the minimum space reflectance value (darkest space) and the maximum bar reflectance value (lightest bar) as measured across the entire bar code symbol. |
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| MSDS | | Material Safety Data Sheets are documents required by OSHA which describe the physical dangers, safety procedures and emergency response techniques associated with some products. |
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| N |
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| Nailing Pattern | | Specific instructions used to describe the location or position of nails. |
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| Nailing, Staggered | | Spacing nails alternately to right and left of a median line, to avoid splitting of the wood. |
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| Nanometer | | A unit of measure (abbreviated nm) used to define the wave length of light, equal to 10-9 meters. |
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| Neck | | The narrow upper part of a container between the shoulder and the opening. |
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| Nested | | The process of packing articles so that they rest partially or entirely within one another, thereby reducing the total cubic foot displacement. |
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| Nested Solid | | Articles nested so that the bottom of one rests on the top of the one lower thereby creating a unitized load. |
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| Net Wrap | | A plastic net that is used to unitize containers to a pallet or slip sheet. It is applied by stretching or heating the wrap. |
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| Nominal Dimension | | The ideal width of the narrowest bar or space in a given symbol. Often referred to as the "X" dimension or unit size. |
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| Non-Read | | A situation in which no data is produced after attempting to scan a bar code symbol. |
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Non-Reversible
Pallet | | A pallet having dissimilar top and bottom decks, with only Pallet the top having a load-carrying surface. |
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| Notched Stringers | | Stringers that have notches cut into them that will allow a forktruck four-way entry. |
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| Notch-Type Joint | | A method of joining two ends of steel strapping by applying pressure to a cut seal resulting in indentations which actually cut both the seal and the strapping.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Numeric | | A character set that includes only numbers. |
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| O |
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| O.D. | | Outer dimensions of a shipping container, package or part. In metal drums it is the diameter over the rolling hoops. |
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| Offset | | Vertical alignment of shipping containers in stacks or units is not maintained.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Opacity | | The property of a material to obstruct the transmission of light and prevent show-through. |
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| Orientation | | The alignment of a bar code symbol with respect to horizontal. Two possible orientations are horizontal with vertical bars and spaces (picket fence) and vertical with horizontal bars and spaces (ladder). |
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| OSHA | | Occupational Safety and Health Act. |
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Out-Of-Plumb
Stacking | | Enlargement of the storage space required for a unit-load because of Stacking load leaning. This may be the result of imperfect conditions during the initial unitizing process, or the result of subsequent uneven settling of the load.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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Out-Of-Square
Stacking | | Misplacement or shifting of packages to cause the plan-view outline Stacking to fall outside the intended rectangular outline.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Outside Height | | (A) In a tight-head shipping container, the height over chimes.
(B) Overall height of shipping container. |
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| Overage | | An excess supply of items placed in a designated size shipping container. |
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| Overhang | | That portion of the unit load exceeding the length and/or width dimensions of a pallet.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Overhead | | In a bar code system, the fixed number of characters required for start, stop, and checking in a given symbol. For example, a symbol requiring a start/stop and two check characters contains four characters of overhead. Thus, to encode three characters, seven characters are required to be printed. |
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Overhead Weight
Damage | | Damage occurring when weight of upper layer shipping containers Damage exceed the strength of lower layer containers in the same stack and row, resulting in crushing or creasing. |
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| Overlaps | | A container design feature wherein the top and/or bottom flaps extend one over the other. |
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| Overpackaging | | A condition where methods used to package an item exceed the requirements for adequate protection. |
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| P |
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| Pack | | - To put material or goods into a container for storage and/or transportation.
- Number of inner pack units per outer pack unit.
- A unit (container) which provides protection and containment of items plus ease of handling by manual or mechanical means. Examples of containers or packs which normally are disposable include bags, cartons, cartons on pallets and pallet boxes. Examples of containers or packs which are returnable/reusable include bins (with mesh or solid sides and ends), racks (plain or with special dunnage), racks with wire mesh sides and ends, tubes and drums.
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| Like Parts | | A pack which contains all like items, i.e., same part/item number. |
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| Master | | A unit load containing common (like parts) items. |
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| Mixed Item | | A pack containing items with different part/item numbers. |
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| Multiple | | A unit load containing smaller packages (subpacks) of items. |
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Nonstandard
Quantity | | A pack which contains variable quantities of like items. |
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| Shipping | | A pack used for shipping items from one facility to another. Material used for extra protection for separating tiers or layers of articles when packed for shipment. |
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| Standard Quantity | | A pack which contains the same quantity of like items. |
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| Package | | A small-to moderate-sized container. |
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| Package, Consumer | | A shipping container which directly holds the product of sale, such as a can, bottle, jar, collapsible tube, carton, drum, bag, etc. |
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| Packaging | | A coordinated system of preparation of goods for shipment, distribution, storage and merchandising at optimum costs compatible with the requirements of the product. There are two types, consumer and industrial. |
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| Packing, Protective | | All loose materials such as excelsior, corrugated board, shredded paper, creped cellulose, foamed plastic, etc., included in a package to insulate, absorb liquids or provide cushioning. |
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| Pad | | A corrugated or solid fiberboard sheet or other material used for extra protection or for separating layers of articles when packed for shipment. Can be expendable or returnable. |
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| Pail | | A container of circular cross section, either cylindrical or a truncated cone in shape, made of steel, black plate, fibre plastic, wood, or tin or terne plate fitted with a wire handle or bail having a capacity of 12 gallons or less.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Pallet | | A platform on which unit loads are placed to permit stacking of materials and for movement of materials and pallet as a single unit. |
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| Single Wing | | A pallet with only a top deck overhang. |
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| Double Wing | | A pallet where both top and bottom decks overhang the stringer. |
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| Flush | | A pallet whose decks do not protrude beyond stringers or deck spacers, no overhang. |
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| Reversible | | A pallet having similar top and bottom decks capable of carrying a load. Also called Double-Faced. |
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| Non-Reversible | | A pallet having dissimilar top and bottom decks with only the top deck having a load carrying surface. Also called Single-Faced. |
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| Four-Way | | Pallets whose configuration permits entry of handling equipment on all four sides. Sometimes referred to as all-way. |
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| Pallet, Captive | | A pallet whose use cycle remains within a single system. |
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| Pallet, Components | | - Deck: horizontal load-carrying or load-bearing surface of a pallet.
- Top Deck: load-carrying surface.
- Bottom Deck: load-bearing surface.
- Deck Board: an element used in the construction of a pallet deck.
- Deck Opening (Space): any void in the pallet deck caused by spacing of deck boards or cutouts in deck elements.
- Deck Spacer: a structural member which supports the top deck or separates the top and bottom decks.
- Block, Leg, Post or Column: deck spacers used to make full four-way or all-way entry pallets.
- Stringer: a continuous longitudinal deck spacer.
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| Pallet, Expendable | | A pallet intended to be discarded after a single cycle of use. |
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| Pallet Load | | The load that is put on a pallet. |
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| Pallet, Non-captive | | A pallet whose use cycle extends through more than one enterprise. |
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| Pallet, Pool | | Pallets of standard size and construction which are exchanged for like pallets during the transfer of unit loads between independent enterprises or systems. |
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| Pallet, | | Reusable A pallet intended for multiple cycles of use. |
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| Paperboard | | A general term descriptive of a sheet made of fibrous material (woodpulp, straw, paper stock or any combination thereof) on a paper machine. |
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| Partition(s) | | A set of corrugated or solid fibreboard pieces slotted so they interlock when assembled to form a number of cells into which articles may be placed for shipment. |
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| Pitch | | Rotation of a bar code symbol about an axis parallel to the direction of the bars. |
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| Plug | | A type of closure which is designed to be inserted into the opening of a shipping container, May be held by friction or screw threads. |
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| Ply | | Any of the several layers of solid fibreboard. |
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| Polyethylene | | A synthetic of high molecular weight resulting from the polymerization of ethylene gas under pressure. In appearance it is milky white and wax-like. It maintains good flexibility under extreme cold conditions. |
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| Poly Iso Butylene | | An additive in some stretch films that gives the film cling. |
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| Post-Consumer | | Materials produced from products generated by a business or consumer which have served their intended end uses and which have been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of collection, recycling and disposition. |
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| Pouch | | A small or moderate-sized bag, sack or receptacle. |
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| Pre-Consumer | | Those materials that cannot be reused in the manufacturing process and would otherwise be disposed of as solid waste. |
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| Preprinted Symbol | | A symbol that is printed in advance of application either on a label or on the article to be identified. |
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| Primary Container | | The smallest container in which a part is packaged for shipment. |
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| Print Contrast Signal | | A comparison between the reflectance of the bars and that of the spaces usually expressed as a percent. It is based on the reflectance measurements at specified wave lengths of light (abbreviated PCS).
 |
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| Print Quality | | The measure of compliance of a bar code symbol to the requirements of dimensional tolerance, edge roughness, spots, voids, reflectance, PCS, quiet zone, and encodation. |
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| Protection Angles | | 20 gauge x 4" wide metal placed over the edge of steel coil to distribute pressure from steel straps. |
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| Protocol | | Data in a computer readable format. |
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| PVC | | Polyvinyl Chloride, a film formulation used in making stretch film which is more dense (heavier weight per equal volume) than the LDPE. PVC film (i. e. sandwich wrap) is usually transparent with a high gloss. |
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| Q |
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| Quantity | | Indicates the number of parts, items or other units of measure in the container. |
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| Quite Zone | | An unprinted area on the substrate which precedes the start character of a bar code symbol and follows the stop character. Sometimes called the "clear area". |
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| R |
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| Rail Rules 40 & 51 | | Rules in the Uniform Freight Classification (UFC) of the rail carriers containing requirements for shipping containers. |
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| Rail Rule 41 | | UFC rail regulations for corrugated and solid fibreboard boxes. |
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| Read Rate | | The ratio of successful reads to the number of times a bar code is scanned. |
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| Recessed Method | | An arrangement of cylindrical containers whereby they are loaded successively in voids of preceding stacks.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Recoopering | | Repairing of all types of shipping containers or packages. |
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| Recovery | | Stretch film trying to return back to its original form after it has been stretched. This action constantly pulls the load together since the stretch film tightly form-fits the load. |
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| Recyclable | | Waste material which is capable of being processed for subsequent use. Materials are only recyclable if there is a widely available economically viable collection, processing and marketing system for the material. |
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| Reflectance | | The ratio of the amount of light of a specified wavelength, or series of wavelengths, reflected from a test surface to the amount of light reflected from a barium sulfate or magnesium oxide standard. |
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| Release Liner | | The component of a bar code label which is removed when it is applied to an item. |
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| Repackaging | | To place in a new, different or consolidated container in order to distribute items in smaller quantities than was originally received. |
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| Repalletization | | The transfer of materials from a pallet deemed to be unacceptable for further use because of damage, inferiority, or unusable size or design for the distribution system to a pallet of acceptable size and condition. |
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| Resolution | | In a bar code reading system, the narrowest element dimension which can be distinguished by a particular device. In a bar code printing system, the narrowest average element width which can be printed by a particular device. |
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| Returnable | | Returnable refers to a package or packaging component designed to be used multiple times for the shipment of goods. Used interchangeably with the word "durable". |
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| Reusable | | Reusable refers to a package or packaging component which is initially designed for one-way use and is ultimately used for another purpose by the person and/or firm receiving the product. If a package or packaging component is redesigned, strengthened ormodified to prolong its original intended purpose, it is considered "returnable". |
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| Risers | | (A) Materials applied beneath alternate stacks or rows of 55-gallon drums.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms
(B) Materials used beneath lifts to facilitate entry of mechanical handling equipment.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| Rolling Hoop | | A hoop on a steel drum or barrel on which the container may be rolled without injuring the body. |
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| Roping | | A stabilization technique that secures loads by creating a thick band of film around a portion of the load by holding the roll perpendicular to the load. This technique can be used in combination with X- wrapping to create a strong band. |
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| Row | | (A) A pile of shipping containers extending lengthwise of the transportation vehicle parallel to the sides of the vehicle and one container in width.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms
(B) Units of shipping containers extending lengthwise of the transportation vehicle parallel to the sides of the vehicle and one unit in width.
Source: AAR Pamphlet No. 41 Dictionary of Standard Terms |
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| R P Compoun |
